| EXTINCT
(EX) - A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable
doubt that the last individual has died. EXTINCT
IN THE WILD (EW) - A taxon is Extinct in the wild
when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a
naturalised population (or populations) well outside the past range. A
taxon is presumed extinct in the wild when exhaustive surveys in known
and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual),
throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys
should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and
life form.
CRITICALLY
ENDANGERED (CR) - A taxon is Critically Endangered
when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in
the immediate future, as defined by any of the criteria (A to E) as described
below.
ENDANGERED
(EN)
- A taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically Endangered but is facing
a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future, as defined
by any of the criteria (A to E) as described below.
VULNERABLE
(VU) - A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically
Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the
wild in the medium-term future, as defined by any of the criteria (A to
E) as described below.
LOWER
RISK (LR) - A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been
evaluated, does not satisfy the criteria for any of the categories Critically
Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Taxa included in the Lower Risk
category can be separated into three subcategories:
1. Conservation
Dependent (cd). Taxa which are the focus of a continuing taxon-specific
or habitat-specific conservation programme targeted towards the taxon
in question, the cessation of which would result in the taxon qualifying
for one of the threatened categories above within a period of five years.
2. Near
Threatened (nt). Taxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent,
but which are close to qualifying for Vulnerable.
3. Least
Concern (lc). Taxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent
or Near Threatened.
DATA
DEFICIENT (DD) A taxon is Data Deficient when there
is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of
its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status.
A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known,
but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution is lacking. Data
Deficient is therefore not a category of threat or Lower Risk. Listing
of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and
acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened
classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of
whatever data are available. In many cases great care should be exercised
in choosing between DD and threatened status. If the range of a taxon
is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, if a considerable period
of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status
may well be justified.
NOT
EVALUATED (NE) A taxon is Not Evaluated when it is has
not yet been assessed against the criteria.
|
|
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR)
A taxon
is Critically Endangered when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction
in the wild in the immediate future, as defined by any of the following
criteria (A to E):
A Population reduction in the form of either of the following:
1)
An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction of at least 80%
over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer,
based on (and specifying) any of the
following:
a)
direct observation
b) an index of abundance appropriate
for the taxon
c)
a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of
habitat
d)
actual or potential levels of exploitation
e)
the effects of introduced taxa, hybridisation, pathogens, pollutants,
competitors or parasites.
2)
A reduction of at least 80%, projected or suspected to be met within the
next 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, based on
(and specifying) any of (b), (c),
(d) or (e) above.
B
Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100 km2 or area of occupancy
estimated to be less than 10 km2, and estimates indicating any two of
the following:
1)
Severely fragmented or known to exist at only a single location.
2)
Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in any of the following:
a)
extent of occurrence
b)
area of occupancy
c)
area, extent and/or quality of habitat
d)
number of locations or subpopulations
e)
number of mature individuals
3)
Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
a)
extent of occurrence
b)
area of occupancy
c)
number of locations or subpopulations
d)
number of mature individuals
C
Population estimated to number less than 250 mature individuals and either:
1)
An estimated continuing decline of at least 25% within three years or
one generation, whichever is longer or
2) A continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred,
in numbers of mature individuals and population structure in the form
of either:
a) severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation
estimated to contain more than 1000 mature individuals)
b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation
D Population estimated to number less than 50 mature
individuals.
E
Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild
is at least 50% within 10 years or three generations, whichever is the
longer.
ENDANGERED
(EN)
A
taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically Endangered but is facing
a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future, as defined
by any of the following criteria (A to E):
A Population reduction in the form of either of the following:
1)
An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction of at least 50%
over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer,
based on (and specifying) any of the
following:
a) direct observation
b) an index of abundance appropriate for
the taxon
c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent
of occurrence and/or quality of habitat
d) actual or potential levels of exploitation
e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridisation,
pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.
2) A reduction of at least 50%, projected or suspected
to be met within the next 10 years or three generations, whichever is
the longer, based on (and specifying)
any of (b), (c), (d), or (e) above.
B Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 5000
km2 or area of occupancy estimated to be less than 500 km2, and estimates
indicating any two of the following:
1) Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more
than five locations.
2) Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected,
in any of the following:
a) extent of occurrence
b) area of occupancy
c) area, extent and/or quality of habitat
d) number of locations or subpopulations
e) number of mature individuals
3) Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
a) extent of occurrence
b) area of occupancy
c) number of locations or subpopulations
d) number of mature individuals
C Population estimated to number less than 2500 mature
individuals and either:
1) An estimated continuing decline of at least 20% within
five years or two generations, whichever is longer, or
2) A continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred,
in numbers of mature individuals and population structure in the form
of either:
a) severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation
estimated to contain more than 250 mature individuals)
b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation.
D) Population estimated to number less than 250 mature
individuals.
E) Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction
in the wild is at least 20% within 20 years or five generations, whichever
is the longer.
VULNERABLE
(VU)
A
taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically Endangered or Endangered
but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term
future, as defined by any of the following criteria (A to E):
A
Population reduction in the form of either of the following:
1) An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction
of at least 20% over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever
is the longer, based on (and specifying)
any of the following:
a) direct observation
b) an index of abundance appropriate for
the taxon
c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent
of occurrence and/or quality of habitat
d) actual or potential levels of exploitation
e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridisation,
pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.
2) A reduction of at least 20%, projected or suspected
to be met within the next ten years or three generations, whichever is
the longer, based on (and specifying)
any of (b), (c), (d) or (e) above.
B Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 20,000
km2 or area of occupancy estimated to be less than 2000 km2, and estimates
indicating any two of the following:
1) Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more
than ten locations.
2) Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected,
in any of the following:
a) extent of occurrence
b) area of occupancy
c) area, extent and/or quality of habitaty
d) number of locations or subpopulations
e) number of mature individuals
3) Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
a) extent of occurrence
b) area of occupancy
c) number of locations or subpopulations
d) number of mature individuals
C Population estimated to number less than 10,000 mature
individuals and either:
1) An estimated continuing decline of at least 10% within
10 years or three generations, whichever is longer, or
2) A continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred,
in numbers of mature individuals and population structure in the form
of either:
a) severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation
estimated to contain more than 1000 mature individuals)
b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation
D Population very small or restricted in the form of
either of the following:
1)
Population estimated to number less than 1000 mature individuals.
2)
Population is characterised by an acute restriction in its area of occupancy
(typically less than 100 km2) or in the number of locations (typically
less than five). Such a taxon
would thus be prone to the effects of human activities (or stochastic
events whose impact is increased by human activities) within a very short
period of time in an unforeseeable future, and is thus capable of becoming
Critically Endangered or even Extinct in a very short period.
E
Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild
is at least 10% within 100 years. |
